Analyzing urban green space inequalities in Isparta, Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/10307Keywords:
Urban green spaces, Inequality, Neighborhood, Distribution of the services, Sustainable citiesAbstract
Cities defined by population size, heterogeneity, and dynamic change face historical and contemporary inequalities. The United Development Goals underline the urgency of addressing urban inequality, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban open and green spaces emerge as important elements for social well-being and affect social, cultural, and psychological aspects. Despite their importance, inequalities in the distribution, quantity, and function of these areas persist. Standards advocating a minimum of 9 m2 of green area per person and accessibility become an important component. However, global data reveals that distribution is inadequate; Only 37.8% of neighborhoods in the city are conveniently located near open public spaces. This study examines the distribution, size, and accessibility of urban green spaces, focusing on Isparta. Unequal distributions were detected in terms of the area covered by green spaces in the neighborhoods, their accessibility, and green spaces per capita. The findings reveal the need for measures to correct urban inequality in planning, design, and management policies, which will contribute to the creation of sustainable and livable cities.
Downloads
References
Aarhaug, J. (2019). Universal design as a way of thinking about mobility. In: Müller, B., Meyer, G. (Eds.) Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe. Lecture Notes in Mobility. Switzerland: Springer, Cham.
Altun, G. & Zencirkıran, M. (2023). Evaluation of sustainability of university campuses. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 16 (2), 425-439. https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/9916
Andújar-Montoya, M. D. (2016). Improving urban accessibility: A methodology for urban dynamics analysis in smart, sustainable and inclusive cities. Urban Regeneration & Sustainability, 1, 506-513. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V12-N3-357-367
Biazzo, I., Monechi, B., & Loreto, V. (2019). General scores for accessibility and inequality measures in urban areas. Royal Society open science, 6 (8), 190979. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190979
Brown, D., McGranahan, G., & Dodman, D. (2014). Urban informality and building a more inclusive, resilient and green economy. International Institute for Environment and Development. ISBN 978-1-78431-124-7.
Burlando, C. & Cusano, I. (2018). Growing Old and Keep Mobile in Italy. Active Ageing and the Importance of Urban Mobility Planning Strategies. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 43-52. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/5756
Callegati, F., Giallorenzo, S., Melis, A., & Prandini, M. (2016). Insider Threats in Emerging Mobility-as-a-Service Scenarios. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1609.06447
Cañibano, C., Fox, M. F., & Otamendi, F. J. (2016). Gender and patterns of temporary mobility among researchers. Science and Public Policy, 43 (3), 320-331. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scv042
Cappelletti, G. M., Grilli, L., Russo, C., & Santoro, D. (2021). Sustainable mobility in Universities: The case of the University of Foggia (italy). Environments, 8 (6), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8060057
Cherrier, S. & Ghamri-Doudane, Y. M. (2014). The “object-as-a-service” paradigm. Proceedings of 2014 Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium (GIIS), 1-7. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/GIIS.2014.6934281
Cresswell, T. & Uteng, T. P. (2016). Gendered mobilities: towards an holistic understanding. In T. Cresswell & T. P. Uteng (Eds.) Gendered mobilities, 1-12. New York: Routledge.
Dadashzadeh, N., Woods, L., Ouelhadj, D., Thomopoulos, N., Kamargianni, M., & Antoniou, C. (2022). Mobility as a Service Inclusion Index (MaaSINI): Evaluation of inclusivity in MaaS systems and policy recommendations. Transport policy, 127, 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.09.006
D'Amico, A. (2023). New frontiers for sustainable mobility: MaaS (Mobility as a Service). TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 16 (2), 455-460. https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/10039
Delatte, A., Baouni, T., Belwal, R., Daou, L., Gourram, D., Imam, R., ... & Smadi, A. (2018). Understanding the needs of MENA public transport customers: culture of service and gender responsive recommendations. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 18 (1), 7-30. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/5458
Delponte, I. & Costa, V. (2022). Metropolitan MaaS and DRT Schemes: are they paving the way towards a more inclusive and resilient urban environment? Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Universal Design Transforming our World through Universal Design for Human Development. ISBN 978-1-64368-305-8.
Di Ciommo, F., Rondinella, G., Foldesi, E., Bánfi, M. G., Giorgi, S., Hueting, R., ... & Keseru, I. (2023). When an Inclusive Universal Design Starts by the Data Collection Methods. Transportation Research Procedia, 72, 2968-2975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.843
Ding, Y. & Keh, H. T. (2016). A re-examination of service standardization versus customization from the consumer’s perspective. Journal of Services Marketing, 30 (1), 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-02-2015-0088
Falco, V., Cuntrera, D., & Attanasio, M. (2023). Gender differences in career advancements in Italian universities over the last 20 years. Genus, 79 (1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-023-00189-7
Fol, S. & Gallez, C. (2014). Social inequalities in urban access. Urban access for the 21st century: finance and governance models for transport infrastructure, 46-86. ISBN: 9781315857497.
Fondazione Brodolini (2023). Mobility for all. How to better integrate the gender perspective into transport policy making. Retrieved from: https://www.fondazionebrodolini.it/en/news-and-events/mobility-all-gender-and-transport-policy-making (Accessed: September 15, 2023).
Gauvin, L., Tizzoni, M., Piaggesi, S., Young, A., Adler, N., Verhulst, S., ... & Cattuto, C. (2020). Gender gaps in urban mobility. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 7 (1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0500-x
Hidayati, I., Tan, W., & Yamu, C. (2021). Conceptualizing mobility inequality: Mobility and accessibility for the marginalized. Journal of planning literature, 36 (4), 492-507. https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122211012898
ISTAT (2020). Censimento permanente della popolazione in Liguria. Retrieved from: https://www.istat.it/it/files//2022/03/FOCUS-LIGURIA.pdf (Accessed: September 13, 2023).
Italian Ministries for Ecological Transition, Infrastructures and Sustainable Mobility (2021). Decreto Interministeriale n. 179 del 12 maggio 2021.
Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition (2021). Linee guida per la redazione e l'implementazione dei piani degli spostamenti casa-lavoro (PSCL).
Karvonen, A., Martin, C., & Evans, J. (2018). University campuses as testbeds of smart urban innovation. In A. Karvonen, C. Martin, J. Evans (Eds.), Creating smart cities, 104-118. London: Routledge.
Kostiainen, J. & Tuominen, A. (2019). Mobility as a service—Stakeholders’ challenges and potential implications. Towards user-centric transport in Europe: challenges, solutions and collaborations. Lecture notes in mobility, 239-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99756-8
Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. M., Rhiu, I., & Yun, M. H. (2021). A persona-based approach for identifying accessibility issues in elderly and disabled users’ interaction with home appliances. Applied Sciences, 11 (1), 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010368
Lyons, G., Hammond, P., & Mackay, K. (2019). The importance of user perspective in the evolution of MaaS. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 121, 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.12.010
Maas, B. (2022). Literature review of mobility as a service. Sustainability, 14(14), 8962. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148962
Macedo, E., Teixeira, J., Gather, M., Hille, C., Will, M. L., Fischer, N., & Bandeira, J. M. (2022). Exploring relevant factors behind a MaaS scheme. Transportation Research Procedia, 62, 607-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.02.075
Manfredini, F., Lanza, G., & Curci, F. (2023). Mobile phone traffic data for territorial research. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 9-23. https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/8892
Marchigiani, E. (2022). An accessible city is a healthy and people-centred smart city. In E. Marchigiani (Eds.), Anthology on Physical and Intellectual Disabilities in an Inclusive Society, 1671-1693. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3542-7.ch087
Mounce, R., Wright, S., Emele, C. D., Zeng, C., & Nelson, J. D. (2017). A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22 (2), 175-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1410062
Müller, B. & Meyer, G. (2019). Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe. Switzerland: Springer, Cham.
Munarin, S. & Tosi, M.C. (2012). Spazi del welfare. Esperienze Luoghi Pratiche. Macerata: Quodlibet.
Ng, W. S. & Acker, A. (2018). Understanding urban travel behaviour by gender for efficient and equitable transport policies. International Transport Forum Discussion Paper. https://doi.org/10.1787/eaf64f94-en
Qin, Z. & Fukuda, D. (2023). Use of public transport and social capital building: An empirical study of Japan. Research in Transportation Economics, 99, 101290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101290
Romanowska, A., Okraszewska, R., & Jamroz, K. (2019). A study of transport behaviour of academic communities. Sustainability, 11 (13), 3519. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133519
Rosa, R. & Clavero, S. (2021). Gender equality in higher education and research. Journal of Gender Studies, 31(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2022.2007446
Ryley, T. J., Stanley, P. A., Enoch, M. P., Zanni, A. M., & Quddus, M. A. (2014). Investigating the contribution of Demand Responsive Transport to a sustainable local public transport system. Research in Transportation Economics, 48, 364-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2014.09.064
Schwanen, T., Lucas, K., Akyelken, N., Cisternas Solsona, D., Carrasco, J.A., & Neutens, T. (2015). Rethinking the links between social exclusion and transport disadvantage through the lens of social capital. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 74, 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.02.012
Shrestha, B. P., Millonig, A., Hounsell, N. B., & McDonald, M. (2017). Review of public transport needs of older people in European context. Journal of population ageing, 10, 343-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-016-9168-9
Trencher, G., Yarime, M., & Kharrazi, A. (2013). Co-creating sustainability: cross-sector university collaborations for driving sustainable urban transformations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 50, 40–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.047
Weiss, D. J., Nelson, A., Gibson, H. S., Temperley, W., Peedell, S., Lieber, A., ... & Gething, P. W. (2018). A global map of travel time to cities to assess inequalities in accessibility in 2015. Nature, 553 (7688), 333-336. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25181
Wickham, J. (2006). Public transport systems: The sinews of European urban citizenship?. European Societies, 8 (1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616690500491464
Xu, Y., Wang, B., Liu, S., Bu, Y., Wang, J., & Liu, R. (2022). Intelligent transportation systems design based on mass customization. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02677-6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
