The delicate role of public authorities in managing IA to combat environmental emergencies. Advantages and disadvantages of an opportunity

Abstract

In an effort to address environmental emergencies that can no longer be delayed, this paper analyses the contribution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to optimizing energy efficiency, reducing emissions and fostering the development of renewable energy sources through highly advanced technologies, within the framework of EU regulations. The analysis will underscore that there are significant risks associated with the carbon footprint of AI, alongside the undeniable benefits these technologies bring in terms of improving efficiency and promoting innovation. After a brief examination of the complex and dual relationship between AI and the environment in combating the climate crisis, the discussion will focus specifically on the challenges that public authorities face in promoting a responsible, ethical and sustainable use of these technologies and in implementing action plans aligned with the goals of the European Green Deal. This effort unfolds within a context marked by high risks and scientific uncertainty, compounded by often inadequate regulations and the need for robust action plans to achieve the goals set out in the European Green Deal. These plans must be grounded in the precautionary principle, as well as in the principles of proportionality, subsidiarity, and solidarity. Moreover, they should ensure stronger and more concrete participation from both institutional and private actors, each assuming their own share of responsibility