Porta del Popolo, an Urban-Scale project for the Rome of Pope Pius IV

Abstract

The article examines the transformation of Porta del Popolo (1561–65), designed by Nanni di Baccio Bigio, one of the most significant architectural operations in the Rome of Pius IV. In order to address the many unresolved questions concerning this little-studied architecture, the analysis undertakes a shift in scale: from the architectural artifact to the urban systems of which Porta del Popolo was an integral part during the pontificate of Pius IV. Reconnecting the various papal interventions in the area between Porta del Popolo and Villa Giulia makes it possible to verify the existence of a coherent transformation plan and to understand the specific role of the city gate within it. By drawing a parallel with the construction of Porta Pia, the article discusses the analogies and interconnections between the two urban gates of Pius IV while also highlighting the differences between the two undertakings. Another urban-scale system is embodied by the entrate solenni ceremonies, in which Porta del Popolo plays a central role. By analysing the routes of these celebrations and their features, new hypotheses are advanced regarding the peculiar design of the external façade of Porta del Popolo. The intertwining of these investigations enables original observations on Pius IV’s urban projects and on how his architectures were experienced.